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全程高温好氧堆肥快速降解城市生活垃圾 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了提高堆肥处理城市生活垃圾(MSW)的速率和质量,设计了一种外加热源的全程高温好氧堆肥工艺.实验以全程高温好氧堆肥和传统好氧堆肥两种方法对MSW进行了60d的堆肥处理.同时,监测了堆肥的pH和温度等参数的变化情况,并以C/N、种子发芽率(GI)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、比好氧速率(SOUR)和脱氢酶(DH-ase)活性为指标评价了堆肥的腐熟度和质量.结果表明,全程高温堆肥法和传统堆肥法的堆肥周期分别为16d和28d,两种方法得到的产品其pH值均在7左右.在第31d将全程高温堆肥产品置于30℃恒温箱时,其理化性质没有出现明显波动,说明其堆肥产品性质稳定.因此,全程高温好氧堆肥法能明显缩短堆肥周期、提高堆肥质量,具有很大的应用潜力. 相似文献
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SAIDI Neyla KOUKI Soulwene M' HIRI Fadhel JEDIDI Naceur MAHROUK Meriam HASSEN Abdennaceur OUZARI Hadda 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2009,21(10):1452-1458
The aim of this study was to characterize the biological stability and maturity degree of compost during a controlled pile-composting trial of mixed vegetable residues (VR) collected from markets of Tunis City with residues of Posidonia oceanica (PoR), collected from Tunis beaches. The accumulation in beaches (as well as their removal) constitutes a serious environmental problem in all Mediterranean countries particularly in Tunisia. Aerobic-thermophilic composting is the most reasonable way to profit highly-valuable content of organic matter in these wastes for agricultural purposes. The physical, chemical, and biological parameters were monitored during composting over 150 d. The most appropriate parameters were selected to establish the maturity degree. The main result of this research was the deduction of the following maturity criterion: (a) C/N ratio < 15; (b) NH4+-N < 400 mg/kg; (c) CO2-C < 2000 mg CO2-C/kg; (d) dehydrogenase activity < 1 mg TPF/g dry matter; (e) germination index (GI) > 80%. These five parameters, considered jointly are indicative of a high maturity degree and thus of a high-quality organic amendment which employed in a rational way, may improve soil fertility and soil quality. The mature compost was relatively rich in N (13.0 g/kg), P (4.74 g/kg) and MgO (15.80 g/kg). Thus composting definitively constitutes the most optimal option to exploit these wastes. 相似文献
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污泥堆肥工艺是实现污泥减量化,无害化和资源化的重要手段。文章考察了污泥在堆肥前后四类重金属(铜、锌、铅和镉)形态的变化。结果显示,铜、锌、铅和镉在堆肥前后的总量变化不大,Cu、Zn主要以有机结合态和残渣态形式存在,而Pb、Cd主要以残渣态形式存在。堆肥处理过程中可交换态重金属都呈下降趋势,但各种重金属的可交换态变化幅度不同,以Zn和Cd下降幅度最大,Zn的可交换态由堆肥前的10.5%下降到堆肥后的4.8%;Cd的可交换态从堆肥前的3.2%下降到堆肥后的1.8%,下降比例超过和接近50%。随着向土壤中添加污泥及堆肥量的增加,小麦植株地上和地下部分重金属含量也相应增加,且地下部分含量高于地上部分,小麦中重金属含量在地下部与地上部之间的比值恒定,特别是Pd,Cd的地上和地下部分浓度比可分别达到130和15~20,经堆肥处理的污泥可以降低小麦对其中重金属的吸收。将污泥及堆肥腐熟品添加至石油污染土壤中,与对照相比土壤中的石油烃含量有一定幅度的下降,最大下降幅度为19.6%。处理一个月后重金属含量及其形态变化不大,Zn具有向铁锰氧化态转化的趋势。 相似文献
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Effect of C/N ratio, aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gaseous emission (N2O, CH4 and NH3) from composting can be an important source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas and air pollution. A laboratory scale orthogonal experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of C/N ratio, aeration rate and initial moisture content on gaseous emission during the composting of pig faeces from Chinese Ganqinfen system. The results showed that about 23.9% to 45.6% of total organic carbon (TOC) was lost in the form of CO2 and 0.8% to 7.5% of TOC emitted as CH4. Most of the nitrogen was lost in the form of NH3, which account for 9.6% to 32.4% of initial nitrogen. N2O was also an important way of nitrogen losses and 1.5% to 7.3% of initial total nitrogen was lost as it. Statistic analysis showed that the aeration rate is the most important factor which could affect the NH3 (p = 0.0189), CH4 (p = 0.0113) and N2O (p = 0.0493) emissions significantly. Higher aeration rates reduce the CH4 emission but increase the NH3 and N2O losses. C/N ratio could affect the NH3 (p = 0.0442) and CH4 (p = 0.0246) emissions significantly, but not the N2O. Lower C/N ratio caused higher NH3 and CH4 emissions. The initial moisture content can not influence the gaseous emission significantly. Most treatments were matured after 37 days, except a trial with high moisture content and a low C/N ratio. 相似文献
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利用以锯末为载体的Bio-Lux S15型生态卫生设备,对人粪便进行了连续性堆肥实验,考察了BOD5、粪大肠菌和蛔虫卵的灭活以及最终产品N、P和K等肥料成分的含量。实验结果表明,最初30 d,BOD5的累积去除率由27%快速增加到50%,之后的30 d维持在50%左右,随后下降至40%左右。生态卫生设备中维持50-60℃的温度是杀灭粪便病原微生物的适宜条件,可保证粪便投入后在24 h内,粪大肠菌的灭活率达到99.99%,蛔虫卵的灭活率在2 h内达100%。对反应周期内载体的N、P和K等肥料成分的分析结果表明,反应过程中3种肥分都持续积累,在反应末期,按TN、P2O5和K2O计算的3种肥分最终分别达到25.1、123.4和2.0 g/kg,基本上达到了农用肥料的国家标准,表明以锯末为载体的反应器具有良好的堆肥效果。 相似文献